描述
Apoptosis rates in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to LPS are compared between butyrate-treated and control conditions, indicating a cytoprotective effect of the short-chain fatty acid.
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Figure 1
NF-κB signaling pathway activation in intestinal cells is measured with and without butyrate pre-treatment following LPS challenge, demonstrating the short-chain fatty acid's inhibitory capacity.
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Figure 3
Gene expression profiles for inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated intestinal cells are compared across varying butyrate concentrations, revealing a clear anti-inflammatory dose response.
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Figure 4
Cell viability assays confirm that butyrate concentrations used in the inflammation experiments are non-cytotoxic, validating the specificity of observed anti-inflammatory effects.
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Figure 5
Transepithelial electrical resistance measurements across intestinal cell monolayers demonstrate butyrate's capacity to maintain epithelial integrity during inflammatory challenge.
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Figure 6
Western blot analysis of phosphorylated signaling proteins in LPS-treated intestinal cells shows reduced inflammatory cascade activation in the presence of butyrate.
Figure 7
Cytokine secretion profiles including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α are quantified in cell culture supernatants, with butyrate-treated cells showing significantly attenuated inflammatory responses.
chartFigure 11
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Butyrate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in intestinal cells and Crohn's mucosa through modulation of antioxidant defense machinery.Cite This Figure
 > Source: Ilaria Russo et al. "Butyrate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in intestinal cells ." *PloS one*, 2012. PMID: [22412931](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22412931/)
<figure> <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/22412931/142.png" alt="Apoptosis rates in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to LPS are compared between butyrate-treated and control conditions, indicating a cytoprotective effect of the short-chain fatty acid." /> <figcaption>Figure 11. Apoptosis rates in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to LPS are compared between butyrate-treated and control conditions, indicating a cytoprotective effect of the short-chain fatty acid.<br> Source: Ilaria Russo et al. "Butyrate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in intestinal cells ." <em>PloS one</em>, 2012. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22412931/">22412931</a></figcaption> </figure>