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Dietary fiber fermentation pathways in the colon illustrate how complex carbohydrates are sequentially broken down by microbial consortia, ultimately yielding butyrate, propionate, and acetate as primary end products.
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Figure 6
Butyrate modulates immune cell function in the gut mucosa, suppressing pro-inflammatory macrophage and dendritic cell activation while promoting regulatory T-cell differentiation. These immunomodulatory effects contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
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Figure 8
Clinical evidence from intervention studies suggests that butyrate supplementation, either orally or via enema, may reduce disease activity scores in ulcerative colitis patients. Response rates vary across delivery methods and formulations.
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Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and Its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review.Cite This Figure
 > Source: Neeraja Recharla et al. "Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and Its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel." *Nutrients*, 2023. PMID: [37242159](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37242159/)
<figure> <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/37242159/88.png" alt="Dietary fiber fermentation pathways in the colon illustrate how complex carbohydrates are sequentially broken down by microbial consortia, ultimately yielding butyrate, propionate, and acetate as primary end products." /> <figcaption>Figure 7. Dietary fiber fermentation pathways in the colon illustrate how complex carbohydrates are sequentially broken down by microbial consortia, ultimately yielding butyrate, propionate, and acetate as primary end products.<br> Source: Neeraja Recharla et al. "Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and Its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel." <em>Nutrients</em>, 2023. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37242159/">37242159</a></figcaption> </figure>