**Figure 5.** Figure 1. Outline of the pathways of synthesis for the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosanoids and the specialised pro-resolving mediators. AA, arachidonic acid; ALA, α-linolenic acid; COX, cyclooxygenase; CYTP450, cytochrome P450 enzymes; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; HDHA, dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; HPETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; LT, leukotriene; LOX, lipoxygenase; MaR, maresin; NPD1, neuroprotectin D1; PD1, protectin D1; PG, prostaglandin; PLA2, phospholipase A2; PLC, phospholipase C; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; RvD, D series resolvins; RvE, E series resolvins; TX, thromboxane.

विवरण

N-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids follow distinct biosynthetic pathways to produce eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators. This diagram outlines the synthesis routes from alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid through COX and cytochrome P450 enzymes to their bioactive lipid products.

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N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate intestinal innate immunity through multiple receptor and signaling targets. This diagram maps the interactions of DHA and EPA with G-protein coupled receptors, COX enzymes, and caspase recognition domains in intestinal immune cells.

diagram

Figure 7

Current IBD treatments employ both immuno-suppressive and immuno-resolving strategies. This diagram contrasts conventional therapies (azathioprine, anti-TNF agents) with emerging PUFA-based approaches that promote active resolution of intestinal inflammation.

diagram

Figure 5

Diagram

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Source Paper

The Imbalance between n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review and Future Therapeutic Perspectives.

International journal of molecular sciences (2017)

PMID: 29206211

DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122619

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![Figure 5: N-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids follow distinct biosynthetic pathways to produce eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators. This diagram outlines the synthesis routes from alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid through COX and cytochrome P450 enzymes to their bioactive lipid products.](https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/29206211/157.png)

> Source: Eleonora Scaioli et al. "The Imbalance between n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel." *International journal of molecular sciences*, 2017. PMID: [29206211](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29206211/)

<figure>
  <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/29206211/157.png" alt="N-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids follow distinct biosynthetic pathways to produce eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators. This diagram outlines the synthesis routes from alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid through COX and cytochrome P450 enzymes to their bioactive lipid products." />
  <figcaption>Figure 5. N-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids follow distinct biosynthetic pathways to produce eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators. This diagram outlines the synthesis routes from alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid through COX and cytochrome P450 enzymes to their bioactive lipid products.<br>  Source: Eleonora Scaioli et al. "The Imbalance between n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Bowel." <em>International journal of molecular sciences</em>, 2017. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29206211/">29206211</a></figcaption>
</figure>

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