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An illustrative summary of the biological relationship between gut microbiota changes induced by probiotic administration and downstream effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The pathway emphasizes the role of microbial metabolites in oxidative stress.

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![Figure 127: An illustrative summary of the biological relationship between gut microbiota changes induced by probiotic administration and downstream effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The pathway emphasizes the role of microbial metabolites in oxidative stress.]()

> Source: Leila Khalili et al. "Effects of Berries, Phytochemicals, and Probiotics on Atherosclerosis through Gu." *International journal of molecular sciences*, 2023. PMID: [36834497](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36834497/)
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  <img src="" alt="An illustrative summary of the biological relationship between gut microbiota changes induced by probiotic administration and downstream effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The pathway emphasizes the role of microbial metabolites in oxidative stress." />
  <figcaption>Figure 127. An illustrative summary of the biological relationship between gut microbiota changes induced by probiotic administration and downstream effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The pathway emphasizes the role of microbial metabolites in oxidative stress.<br>  Source: Leila Khalili et al. "Effects of Berries, Phytochemicals, and Probiotics on Atherosclerosis through Gu." <em>International journal of molecular sciences</em>, 2023. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36834497/">36834497</a></figcaption>
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