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Figure 14

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Comprehensive mechanistic model summarizing how C. butyricum and its extracellular vesicles modulate gut homeostasis. This figure integrates findings on barrier function, immune modulation, and microbiome changes in experimental colitis.

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Histological analysis of colonic tissue reveals the extent of inflammatory infiltration and mucosal damage. This figure compares histopathological scores across treatment groups in the acute experimental colitis model.

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Histological analysis of colonic tissue reveals the extent of inflammatory infiltration and mucosal damage. This figure compares histopathological scores across treatment groups in the acute experimental colitis model.

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Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in colonic tissue were quantified to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of C. butyricum treatment. This figure presents TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta expression data across experimental groups.

Figure 6

Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in colonic tissue were quantified to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of C. butyricum treatment. This figure presents TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta expression data across experimental groups.

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Tight junction protein expression indicates intestinal barrier integrity. This figure shows changes in occludin, claudin, and ZO-1 levels in colonic tissue following C. butyricum or vesicle treatment.

Figure 7

Tight junction protein expression indicates intestinal barrier integrity. This figure shows changes in occludin, claudin, and ZO-1 levels in colonic tissue following C. butyricum or vesicle treatment.

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Gut microbiome composition was analyzed to determine how C. butyricum treatment modulates the intestinal microbial community. This figure presents 16S rRNA sequencing data showing microbial diversity and taxonomic abundance.

Figure 8

Gut microbiome composition was analyzed to determine how C. butyricum treatment modulates the intestinal microbial community. This figure presents 16S rRNA sequencing data showing microbial diversity and taxonomic abundance.

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Alpha and beta diversity metrics reveal shifts in gut microbial community structure following probiotic intervention. This figure compares microbiome diversity indices between C. butyricum-treated and control groups.

Figure 9

Alpha and beta diversity metrics reveal shifts in gut microbial community structure following probiotic intervention. This figure compares microbiome diversity indices between C. butyricum-treated and control groups.

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Specific bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in C. butyricum-treated mice compared to controls. This figure highlights the key microbial shifts associated with amelioration of colitis symptoms.

Figure 10

Specific bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in C. butyricum-treated mice compared to controls. This figure highlights the key microbial shifts associated with amelioration of colitis symptoms.

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Figure 14

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Source Paper

Clostridium butyricum and Its Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Homeostasis and Ameliorate Acute Experimental Colitis.

Microbiology spectrum (2022)

PMID: 35762770

DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01368-22

Cite This Figure

![Figure 14: Comprehensive mechanistic model summarizing how C. butyricum and its extracellular vesicles modulate gut homeostasis. This figure integrates findings on barrier function, immune modulation, and microbiome changes in experimental colitis.](https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/35762770/204.png)

> Source: Lingyan Ma et al. "Clostridium butyricum and Its Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Homeos." *Microbiology spectrum*, 2022. PMID: [35762770](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35762770/)
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  <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/35762770/204.png" alt="Comprehensive mechanistic model summarizing how C. butyricum and its extracellular vesicles modulate gut homeostasis. This figure integrates findings on barrier function, immune modulation, and microbiome changes in experimental colitis." />
  <figcaption>Figure 14. Comprehensive mechanistic model summarizing how C. butyricum and its extracellular vesicles modulate gut homeostasis. This figure integrates findings on barrier function, immune modulation, and microbiome changes in experimental colitis.<br>  Source: Lingyan Ma et al. "Clostridium butyricum and Its Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Homeos." <em>Microbiology spectrum</em>, 2022. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35762770/">35762770</a></figcaption>
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