Figure 5

![Figure 5: Inflammatory cytokine responses from intestinal epithelial cells infected with metabolite-primed adherent-invasive E. coli. Pro-inflammatory signaling is amplified when bacteria are pre-cultured with disease-associated metabolites.]()

> Source: Shiying Zhang et al. "Mucosal metabolites fuel the growth and virulence of E. coli linked to Crohn's d." *JCI insight*, 2022. PMID: [35413017](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35413017/)

<figure>
  <img src="" alt="Inflammatory cytokine responses from intestinal epithelial cells infected with metabolite-primed adherent-invasive E. coli. Pro-inflammatory signaling is amplified when bacteria are pre-cultured with disease-associated metabolites." />
  <figcaption>Figure 5. Inflammatory cytokine responses from intestinal epithelial cells infected with metabolite-primed adherent-invasive E. coli. Pro-inflammatory signaling is amplified when bacteria are pre-cultured with disease-associated metabolites.<br>  Source: Shiying Zhang et al. "Mucosal metabolites fuel the growth and virulence of E. coli linked to Crohn's d." <em>JCI insight</em>, 2022. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35413017/">35413017</a></figcaption>
</figure>