Gut Microbiome Alterations Following Oral Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin Administration in the Management of Dysbiosis.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) is used to manage IBS and IBD and has shown prebiotic-like effects in ex vivo models. Re-establishing a healthy gut microbiome with novel treatments like SBI could help treat the underlying causes of these diseases leading to higher and sustained patient response. The objective of this study was to assess whether supplementation with SBI would improve dysbiosis in IBD and IBS patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional, single-site study had each participant serving as their own control. Stool samples from 18 patients with either IBS or IBD were analyzed before and after SBI administration. The relative abundance of bacterial diversity was assessed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing-based profiling. RESULTS: Species diversity statistically significantly increased for measures of richness (Shannon index) (p < 0.0082) and evenness (Gini-Simpson index) (p < 0.0017). Phylum-level changes showed a 2.7-fold increase in Actinobacteria (p = 0.0181), 0.66-fold decrease in Bacteroidetes (p = 0.0401), and 0.38-fold decrease in Proteobacteria (p = 0.0071) after treatment with SBI. At the genus level, the relative abundances showed decreased Alistipes (p = 0.0121) and decreased Bacteroides (p = 0.0108) as well as increased Bifidobacterium (p = 0.0204), compared to pre-treatment levels. At the genus level, a 1.8-fold increase of Bifidobacterium breve (p = 0.0225) occurred upon treatment with SBI. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the prebiotic effects of SBI and suggest an additional mechanism of action in managing IBD and IBS symptoms. SBI re-establishes homeostasis in patients with IBD and IBS by decreasing Proteobacteria and increasing Bifidobacteria and species diversity. These insights highlight the promise of new therapeutic strategies for managing IBS and IBD by targeting dysbiosis and underscore the potential of personalized treatments based on a patient's gut microbiome profile.