**Figure 2.** Figure 2 Vitamin D impacts the innate and adaptive immunity (By Figdraw (www.figdraw.com)). Notes: In innate immunity, vitamin D inhibit LPS-induced p38 activation and IL-6 and TNF-α production by monocytes, and downregulate TLR-9 expression after stimulated with TLR-9 agonist in monocytes. Vitamin D also favors a anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages, inhibits the innate NF-κB and MAPK signaling in monocyte derived dendritic cells that have been stimulated with LPS. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is downregulated by vitamin D. In adaptive immunity, vitamin D downregulates Th1/Th2 while upregulates Treg/Th17, and decreases the production of IgE while increases IL-10 production. “↑” = increase/upregulated; “↓” = decrease/downregulated. Abbreviations: IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor protein 3; Th1, T helper 1; Th2, T helper 2; Treg, regulatory T cell; IL-10, interleukin-10.

Beschreibung

Vitamin D impacts on innate and adaptive immunity are illustrated, showing inhibition of LPS-induced p38 activation, suppression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by monocytes, and downregulation of TLR-9 expression in immune cells.

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Figure 1

Vitamin D's multifaceted role as an immune modulator is discussed, noting that nearly all immune cells express the vitamin D receptor and that deficiency is closely correlated with increased susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.

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Figure 3

Vitamin D's influence on inflammatory bowel disease development is depicted through three interconnected pathways: intestinal immune regulation, microbiota composition, and mucosal barrier integrity.

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Figure 2

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Source Paper

The Role of Vitamin D in Immune System and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Journal of inflammation research (2022)

PMID: 35662873

DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S363840

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![Figure 2: Vitamin D impacts on innate and adaptive immunity are illustrated, showing inhibition of LPS-induced p38 activation, suppression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by monocytes, and downregulation of TLR-9 expression in immune cells.](https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/35662873/259.png)

> Source: Zengrong Wu et al. "The Role of Vitamin D in Immune System and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.." *Journal of inflammation research*, 2022. PMID: [35662873](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35662873/)

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  <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/35662873/259.png" alt="Vitamin D impacts on innate and adaptive immunity are illustrated, showing inhibition of LPS-induced p38 activation, suppression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by monocytes, and downregulation of TLR-9 expression in immune cells." />
  <figcaption>Figure 2. Vitamin D impacts on innate and adaptive immunity are illustrated, showing inhibition of LPS-induced p38 activation, suppression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by monocytes, and downregulation of TLR-9 expression in immune cells.<br>  Source: Zengrong Wu et al. "The Role of Vitamin D in Immune System and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.." <em>Journal of inflammation research</em>, 2022. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35662873/">35662873</a></figcaption>
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